目次:
- セントジョンズワートの利点は何ですか?
- 1.うつ病の治療に役立つ可能性があります
- 2.更年期症状を制御する可能性があります
- 3.創傷治癒に役立つ可能性があります
- 4.注意欠陥多動性障害(ADHD)を治療する可能性があります
- 5.不安障害を治療する可能性があります
- 6.アトピー性皮膚炎を治療する可能性があります
- 7.身体表現性障害を治療する可能性があります
- 8.癌のリスクを減らす可能性があります
- 9. May Treat Sinus Congestion
- 10. May Lower Blood Pressure
- Insufficient evidence to rate effectiveness for
- What Are The Potential Side Effects Of St. John’s Wort?
- Possible Drug Interactions
- Conclusion
- Expert’s Answers for Readers Questions
- 61の情報源
セントジョンズワートは科学的に Hypericumperforatum として知られてい ます。 ヨーロッパ原産の顕花植物です。それは多くの病気を治療するために何世紀にもわたって民間療法で使用されてきました。セントジョンズワートの抽出物には、ヒペリシンやハイパーフォリンなどの有効成分が含まれています。この植物は、抗炎症、抗菌、抗酸化、抗癌の特性を持っていると言われています。この漢方薬は、うつ病の治療、更年期症状の制御、傷の治癒、注意欠陥多動性障害(ADHD)の改善、不安障害の治療に役立つ可能性があります。
この記事では、セントジョンズワートの健康上の利点、投与量、および潜在的な副作用について説明します。読み続けます。
セントジョンズワートの利点は何ですか?
1.うつ病の治療に役立つ可能性があります
セントジョンズワートは、うつ病の治療に役立つ可能性があります。一般的に、この心理的問題を治療するために抗うつ薬などの薬が使用されます。抗うつ薬には通常、他の副作用があります。セントジョンズワートは、脳内の化学伝達物質のレベルを上昇させる可能性のあるハイパーフォリン、アディペルフォリン、ヒペリシンなどのいくつかの有効成分を持っていると言われています(1)。
ある研究によると、セントジョンズワートを服用した参加者は、抗うつ薬を使用した参加者よりも有害事象を経験する可能性がはるかに低いとされています(2)。さらに、セントジョンズワートを使用すると、抗うつ薬と同程度にうつ病の症状が軽減されます(3)。
クイーンズランド大学が実施した別の研究では、軽度のうつ病の治療におけるセントジョンズワートの使用が支持されました(4)。29の国際研究のレビューは、セントジョンズワートがプラセボよりも優れており、うつ病の治療に使用されるさまざまな標準処方抗うつ薬と同じくらい効果的である可能性があることを示唆しています(5)。
2.更年期症状を制御する可能性があります
セントジョンズワート抽出物は、更年期障害の心理的および植物的症状を緩和するために使用される場合があります。それは閉経期の女性の生活の質とほてりを改善する可能性があります。このメカニズムをさらに理解するには、さらに大規模な臨床試験が必要です(6)。
別の研究では、900 mgのセントジョンズワートを12週間毎日補給した111人の女性が、更年期症状の改善を示しました(7)。別の研究では、この植物は閉経周辺期または閉経後の女性の血管運動症状の効果的な治療法として使用できると述べています(8)。
また、セントジョンズワートの抽出物とハーブとの組み合わせは、閉経後の女性の副作用が少ないことを示しています(9)。セントジョンズワートによる毎日の治療は、月経前症候群(PMS)の治療により効果的でした(10)。
3.創傷治癒に役立つ可能性があります
セントジョンズワートは、伝統的に傷や火傷の治療に使用されています(11)、(12)。このハーブの抽出物は、皮膚の傷の治癒を促進するための民間療法としても使用されています(13)。セントジョンズワートはまた、より速い炎症反応をもたらし、糖尿病性の外科的創傷の治癒を助けました(14)。
この漢方薬とその代謝物(ハイパーフォリン)は、炎症性皮膚障害の治療に役立つことがわかっています(15)。セントジョンズワートは、コラーゲン合成と線維芽細胞の移動の結果として創傷を治療することがわかっています(16)。
4.注意欠陥多動性障害(ADHD)を治療する可能性があります
セントジョンズワートは、注意欠陥多動性障害(ADHD)の治療に役立つ可能性があります。ボルツァーノのボーゼン地域病院が実施した研究によると、セントジョンズワートは患者の多動性と未熟さの要因の平均スコアにわずかな改善を示しました(17)。
しかし、セントジョンズワート抽出物を使用してADHDの子供や青年を治療した研究では、症状は改善されませんでした(18)。したがって、セントジョンズワートのこの利点をさらに理解するには、より長期的な研究が必要です。
5.不安障害を治療する可能性があります
セントジョンズワートは、不安障害の治療に役立つ可能性のあるいくつかの有益な治療特性を備えています。この植物は、併存する不安を伴う大うつ病性障害(MDD)の治療に使用される抗うつ特性を持っています(19)。ウエスタンイリノイ大学がマウスについて行った研究では、セントジョンズワートが心的外傷後ストレス障害(不安障害を含む)の治療に役立つことがわかりました(20)。
ただし、この点に関しては、さらに調査が必要です。
6.アトピー性皮膚炎を治療する可能性があります
セントジョンズワートの主成分であるハイパーフォリンには、抗炎症作用があります。セントジョンズワートクリームの局所塗布は、アトピー性皮膚炎の治療に役立つ可能性があります(21)。
ハイパーフォリンやヒペリシンなどの植物の成分は、アトピー性皮膚炎の治療に役立つ可能性のある抗酸化作用、抗炎症作用、抗癌作用、および抗菌作用を持っています(22)。また、ヒペリシンは非黒色腫皮膚がんの選択的治療に使用できる光増感剤です(22)。
この点に関しては、さらなる研究が必要です。
7.身体表現性障害を治療する可能性があります
身体表現性障害は、身体的損傷として現れる精神障害です。初期の研究では、セントジョンズワートは身体表現性障害の患者にある程度の効果がある可能性があることが示されています(23)。別の研究では、セントジョンズワート抽出物600mgを毎日投与することが身体表現性障害の治療に効果的でした(24)。
8.癌のリスクを減らす可能性があります
Hyperforin and its derivatives (like aristoforin) are natural products of St. John’s Wort that have several pharmacological properties. Hyperforin is said to be a potent anticancer agent (25). The melatonin‐rich germplasm line of St. John’s Wort is said to possess antioxidant properties. They help inhibit cancer cell growth (26).
Hyperforin also promotes the programmed cell death of various cancer cells and inhibits their capacity to migrate (27), (28). Hyperforin and its derivatives hold a prominent position as anticancer medications with their low toxic nature and anti-tumor properties (29). A study stated that hyperforin could induce cancer cell death in the case of leukemia (30), (31).
9. May Treat Sinus Congestion
Some studies suggest that St. John’s Wort may work against sinusitis and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) (32). St. John’s Wort has antibiotic and antiviral properties that may help relieve phlegm congestion, sinus infection, flu, and bronchitis symptoms. However, further research is needed to understand this benefit of St. John’s Wort in humans.
10. May Lower Blood Pressure
St. John’s Wort has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may help lower blood pressure. Some anecdotal evidence suggests that this medicinal herb minimizes inflammation in the cardiovascular system and decreases stress on the heart. However, more research is warranted in this regard.
Insufficient evidence to rate effectiveness for
St. John’s Wort has a long history of use in folk medicine for treating a diverse range of disorders that include inflammation, wounds, bacterial and viral infections, peptic ulcers, and respiratory impairments (33). St. John’s Wort is said to possess analgesic and antinociceptive properties that help in the management of pain (34). Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disorder that is characterized by axonal injury and inflammation. St. John’s Wort is said to possess anti-inflammatory properties that help treat multiple sclerosis (MS) (35).
The strong anti-inflammatory properties of St. John’s Wort make it an ideal solution for severe joint pains, gout, and muscle spasms. The ethyl acetate extract of St. John’s Wort could show antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats (36). Animal studies state that St. John’s Wort has hepatoprotective effects that could help treat hepatic ischemia in rats (37). St. John’s Wort may help fight against diabetes. The administration of its extracts (125 and 250 mg/kg) induced a significant decrease in high blood glucose levels in diabetic rats (38).
Following are some of the purported benefits of St. John’s Wort that have insufficient evidence:
- Brain tumor (glioma) John’s Wort may help treat glioma through intravenous injection (39). However, insufficient data is available to prove this claim.
- Herpes
Recent studies have shown that St. John’s Wort contains certain antiviral properties. This herb is believed to be helpful in the treatment of herpes, AIDS, hepatitis B, and several other serious viral conditions (40), (41).
- Smoking cessation
St. John’s Wort could attenuate nicotine withdrawal signs in mice. The plant was also used as a natural antidepressant in mice. More studies in humans are needed (42). St. John’s Wort proves to be effective in larger controlled studies. It could represent a less expensive, more readily accessible, and well-tolerated agent to promote tobacco cessation (43). However, further studies are necessary to understand the possibility of St. John’s wort in the treatment of smoking cessation in humans.
- Helps create a hormonal balance
St. John’s Wort is a widely popular treatment for hormonal imbalances. Its chemical composition is especially shown to lower the hormonal imbalances in a menopausal woman. It may reduce mood swings, the severity of the cramps, irritation, depression, and anxiety levels (44). However, further evidence is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
Other potential benefits of St. John’s Wort that lack any research include the following:
- Migraine headache
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
- Skin redness and irritation (plaque psoriasis)
- Tooth pulling
- Nerve pain
- Burning mouth syndrome
- Post-operative pain
Though more research is warranted, the plant does have some benefits. In the following section, we will look at the ideal dosage of the plant.
Dosage*
For Children and young adults (>18 years)
- For ADHD – 300 mg St. John’s Wort, three times daily for eight weeks (18)
- For depression – 150-1800 mg St. John’s Wort, three times daily for eight weeks (41)
For Adults
- For anxiety – 900 mg St. John’s Wort, twice daily for twelve weeks (45)
- For cancer – 05-0.50 mg per kg of hypericin, for two months (46)
- For mild to moderate depression – 20-1800 mg St. John’s Wort, three times for 4 to 52 weeks
- For severe depression – 900-1800 mg, once daily for 8 to 12 weeks (47)
- For obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) – 450-1800 mg, once daily for 12 weeks (48)
- For premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – 300-900 mg daily for two menstrual cycles (49)
- For smoking cessation – 300 mg, once or twice daily for three months (50)
* These values are taken only from randomized clinical trials. They are for reference only. None of them have been proven to treat any particular ailment. Consult your doctor for more information.
Though St. John’s Wort is generally safe for consumption, it also may have some side effects. We will explore them in the following section.
What Are The Potential Side Effects Of St. John’s Wort?
The uncontrolled and unprescribed dosage of St. John’s Wort may cause several side effects. These include allergic reactions, sedation, gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, skin reactions, dry mouth, tiredness/restlessness, and dizziness. The majority of these reactions were generally considered to be mild, moderate, or transient (51), (52), (53).
Some research has indicated that taking certain herbal supplements, including St. John’s Wort, may increase your risk of complications if you are put under anesthesia. You should not take St. John’s Wort at least two weeks before a scheduled surgery (54).
Photosensitivity reactions affecting the skin are other serious adverse reactions associated with St. John’s Wort. Recent data suggest that photosensitivity reactions are dose-related, with increased sensitivity associated with higher doses. Extracts of St. John’s Wort are used in the treatment of depression. They contain various substances with naphthodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin as characteristic ingredients. These compounds may lead to phototoxicity in animals and humans (55), (56).
Also, St. John’s Wort may cause liver injury, tingling, and erectile or sexual dysfunction. However, limited research is available in this regard.
Possible Drug Interactions
St. John’s Wort may react with certain drugs. Generally, most herbs interact with prescribed drugs and have the potential to influence metabolic reactions (56), (57).
In a study, drug interactions with St. John’s Wort had affected the organ systems and the central nervous system. St. John’s Wort and fluoxetine have a similar profile, and this demonstrates that herbal preparations can result in adverse drug reactions that are similar to those of prescription medications (58). In another study, St. John’s Wort interacted with cyclosporin A metabolism. The drug is involved in the careful monitoring of blood levels in a patient after liver transplantation (59).
St. John’s Wort may interact with medicines such as warfarin, phenprocoumon, cyclosporine, oral contraceptives, theophylline, digoxin, indinavir, and lamivudine (60).
Also, it may interact with other drugs. These include:
- Antibiotics, antidepressant SSRIs, and Triptans
St. John’s Wort may interact with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This interaction may lead to agitation, nausea, confusion, and diarrhea (56).
- Oral contraceptives
St. John’s Wort may interact with oral contraceptives. This results in breakthrough bleeding among women who are taking birth control pills along with St. John’s Wort (56).
- Immunosuppressants and blood thinners such as warfarin
Warfarin may interact with St. John’s Wort, which can lead to severe adverse reactions that are sometimes life-threatening (61).
- Sedatives and medications used to treat generalized anxiety disorder; drugs used to treat cancer, heart conditions, and HIV/AIDS
From one study, patients with HIV experienced an increase in HIV RNA viral load following the use of St. John’s Wort (56).
- Over-the-counter medications (for sleep, cough, and cold)
St. John’s Wort also interacts with anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine, phenobarbitone and phenytoin, theophylline, cyclosporin, phenprocoumon, and digoxin. However, more long-term research is needed to further understand these drug interactions.
Conclusion
St. John’s Wort is an effective dietary supplement and medicinal herb for treating various nervous system related disorders. It is said to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties and helps to treat many ailments. It may help treat depression, control menopausal symptoms, help in wound healing, and treat anxiety disorders. However, excess and unprescribed usage of this herbal drug may lead to some adverse reactions. Hence, limit its usage and consult your health care provider in case of any medical emergencies.
Expert’s Answers for Readers Questions
How long does St. John’s Wort take to start working?
St. John’s Wort may take 3 to 6 weeks to show any effects. Do not stop taking it all at once, as you may otherwise experience side effects.
Should I take St. John’s Wort in the morning or night?
St. John’s Wort works best if taken twice a day. In the third and fourth weeks of your treatment, take 300 mg in the morning and 600 mg in the evening. In the fifth week, consider increasing the dose to 600 mg twice a day. Like all antidepressants, it can take four to six weeks before you feel any benefits. Consult your doctor for more information on the use and dosage.
Does St. John’s Wort make you gain weight?
No. St. John’s Wort has the potential to prevent obesity and abnormalities with lipid metabolism. It does not lead to weight gain.
Is St. John’s Wort bad for your heart?
St. John’s Wort is well known to help treat depression in heart patients, with less negative side effects on the heart than traditional antidepressants.
Can St. John’s Wort damage the liver?
セントジョンズワートは肝障害とは関係がありません。その多くのハーブと薬物の相互作用と効果のために、ハーブは肝機能に影響を及ぼしたり、肝障害を引き起こしたりする可能性があります。肝臓の薬と一緒に服用しないでください。医師にご相談ください。
セントジョンズワートと一緒にアルコールを飲むことはできますか?
セントジョンズワートで治療されている間は、アルコールの使用を避けるか制限する必要があります。アルコールは、めまい、眠気、集中力の低下など、神経系に関連するセントジョンズワートの副作用を増加させる可能性があります。
61の情報源
Stylecrazeには厳格な調達ガイドラインがあり、査読済みの研究、学術研究機関、および医師会に依存しています。3次参照の使用は避けます。編集ポリシーを読むことで、コンテンツが正確で最新であることを保証する方法について詳しく知ることができます。-
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